Valoración sociocultural y percepción del riesgo en la bahía de Chetumal

Daisy Ruiz Hardy; María Angélica González Vera

doi:10.69823/avacient.v6n1a9

Autores/as

Daisy Ruiz Hardy Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1832-2910
María Angélica González Vera Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-3690

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69823/avacient.v6n1a9

Palabras clave:

Ecosistemas, servicios, percepción, riesgo, gobernanza.

Resumen

La bahía de Chetumal, ubicada al sur de Quintana Roo (México), es parte del Corredor Arrecifal Mesoamericano, reconocida como Área Natural Protegida Santuario del Manatí, con alto valor ecológico y social. Este sistema socioecológico enfrenta una creciente presión, por contaminantes asociados a las descargas de aguas residuales, agroindustrias en la frontera México-Belice y aportes de la cuenca del río Hondo. El objetivo fue analizar la valoración sociocultural de los servicios ecosistémicos culturales (SEC) y la percepción del riesgo ambiental, integrando el modelo DPSIR (Fuerzas impulsoras, Presiones, Estado, Impactos y Respuestas) como marco conceptual. Con enfoque mixto y diseño descriptivo transversal, se aplicaron cuestionarios a 150 participantes de cinco zonas socioecológicas. El cuestionario incluyó escalas Likert, análisis Top-Two Box y una pregunta abierta orientada a recuperar memorias ambientales. Los resultados evidencian una alta valoración de la belleza escénica y de la identidad territorial, junto con una confianza moderada en el uso recreativo del agua. Además, se identificó una diferenciación generacional en el riesgo ambiental percibido. La percepción social constituye un indicador clave dentro del DPSIR, mientras que los SEC fortalecen la gobernanza participativa, en concordancia con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 14 y 17.

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